Çocukların Cinsel İstismarı Suçu Nedir?
Çocuğun cinsel istismarı suçu, kanunda belirlenen belli yaştaki çocuğun bedenine fiziksel temasta bulunma şeklinde cinsel davranışlar sergilenmesi ile oluşur. Suç, 5237 sayılı TCK’nın 103. Maddesinde “Cinsel Dokunulmazlığa Karşı” suçlar bölümünde düzenlenmiştir. Cinsel istismar suçunda mağdur çocuk olup suçun en önemli unsurudur. Çocuk, TCK’nın 6/1-a maddesinde, “henüz 18 yaşını doldurmamış kişi” olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Cinsel istismar suçları açısından çocuk kavramı üç ayrı kategoride ele alınmaktadır:
15 yaşını tamamlamamış çocukların cinsel istismarı,
15 yaşını tamamlamış olmakla birlikte kendisine yönelen fiilin hukuki anlam ve sonuçlarını algılama kabiliyeti gelişmemiş çocukların cinsel istismarı,
15-18 yaş grubunda olan çocukların, sadece cebir, tehdit, hile veya iradeyi etkileyen başka bir sebebe dayalı olarak cinsel istismarı.
Çocukların Basit Cinsel İstismarı Suçunun Unsurları
Çocuğun Basit Cinsel İstismarı Suçunun Temel Şekli: Basit cinsel istismar suçu, çocuğun cinsel istismarı suçunun temel şekli olup çocuğun vücudu üzerinde gerçekleştirilen, cinsel arzuları tatmin amacına yönelik ve fakat cinsel ilişki düzeyine varmayan cinsel davranışlar sergilenmesi ile oluşur. Basit cinsel istismar suçunun oluşması için, gerçekleştirilen hareketlerin objektif olarak şehvi nitelikte bulunmaları yeterlidir; failin şehvi arzularının fiilen tatmin edilmiş olması şart değildir.
Sarkıntılık Suretiyle Çocuğun Basit Cinsel İstismarı Suçu: Sarkıntılık, çocuğun basit cinsel istismarı suçunun daha az ceza gerektiren en hafif şekli olarak kabul edilmektedir. Sarkıntılık suretiyle çocuğun cinsel istismarı suçunda da diğer tüm cinsel istismar suçlarında olduğu gibi mağdur çocuğun bedenine fiziksel bir temasta bulunulması şarttır. Bedensel temas olmadan cinsel amaçla işlenen diğer fiiller çocuğun cinsel tacizi suçu olarak nitelenir. Örneğin, mağdur çocuğa cinsel amaçla “bacaklarına dokunayım mı” demek cinsel taciz, herhangi bir şekilde dokunmak ise sarkıntılık suretiyle cinsel istismar olarak kabul edilir.
Sarkıntılık; failin mağdur çocuğa yönelik yüzeysel, geçici ve hafif derecede cinsel davranışlarını ifade eder. Örneğin, çocuğa cinsel amaçla dokunmak, bir kere öpmek vb. gibi cinsel davranışlar sarkıntılık suretiyle cinsel istismar suçu olarak kabul edilir.
Basit cinsel istismar suçunun temel şekli ile daha az cezayı gerektiren sarkıntılık suretiyle cinsel istismar suçu arasındaki temel fark; sarkıntılık fiilinin kesik ve ani bir eylemle mağdur çocuğun bedenine temas edilmesiyle, çocuğun basit cinsel istismarı suçunun temel şeklinin ise çocuğa karşı cinsel sömürü düzeyine varacak şekilde birbirini takip eden birden fazla davranış icra edilmesiyle oluşmasıdır.
Özellikle belirtmek gerekir ki; 15 yaşını tamamlamamış çocuklar açısından mağdurun fiile rıza göstermesinin hiçbir önemi yoktur. Çünkü, kanun “15 yaşını bitirmiş olup da 18 yaşını tamamlamamış” olan çocuklara karşı rızalarıyla işlenen cinsel davranışları cinsel istismar suçu kapsamına almamış ve bu kategorideki çocukların rızalarına önem vermişken, “15 yaşını tamamlamamış” çocuklara karşı yapılan her türlü cinsel davranışı rızaları olsa bile çocukların cinsel istismarı suçu olarak kabul etmiştir. Çocuğun rızası hukuken üzerinde mutlak surette tasarruf edebileceği bir hakka ilişkin olmadığından hukuka uygunluk nedeni olarak kabul edilemez. Bu nedenle, 15 yaşını tamamlamamış çocukların cinsel istismara rıza göstermesi failin cezalandırılmasını engellemez.
Çocukların Basit Cinsel İstismarı Suçunun Cezası TCK 103
Çocuğun basit cinsel istismarı suçunun cezası şu şekildedir:
Çocuğu cinsel yönden istismar eden kişi, 8 yıldan on beş yıla kadar hapis cezası ile cezalandırılır.
Sarkıntılık suretiyle, yani cinsel istismarın sarkıntılık düzeyinde kalması halinde 3
yıldan 8 yıla kadar hapis cezasına hükmolunur.
Mağdurun on iki yaşını tamamlamamış olması halinde verilecek ceza, basit cinsel istismar durumunda 10 yıldan, sarkıntılık durumunda 5 yıldan az olamaz.
Sarkıntılık düzeyinde kalmış suçun failinin çocuk olması hâlinde soruşturma ve kovuşturma yapılması mağdurun, velisinin veya vasisinin şikâyetine bağlıdır.
Suçun Şikayet Süresi, Zamanaşımı ve Uzlaşma
Uzlaşma, suç isnadı altındaki şahıs ile suçun mağduru olan şahsın bir uzlaştırmacı aracılığıyla iletişim kurarak anlaşmasıdır. Cinsel istismar suçları, uzlaşma kapsamında olan suçlar değildir. Suçun; basit cinsel istismar, sarkıntılık veya nitelikli cinsel istismar suçu olması fark etmez, cinsel suçlar açısından uzlaşma hükümleri uygulanmaz.
Sarkıntılık suretiyle cinsel istismar suçunun faili de yaşı küçük çocuk ise, suç şikayete bağlı suçlardandır. Mağdurun velisi veya vasisi şikayetçi olmadıkça soruşturma yapılmaz. Mağdurun velisi veya vasisi, şikayet hakkını suçun işlenmesinden itibaren 6 ay içinde kullanmalıdır. Şikayetten vazgeçme ise ceza davasının düşme nedenidir. Şikayetten vazgeçme, soruşturma veya ceza davası açıldıktan sonra kovuşturma aşamasında mümkündür. Mağdurun şikayetten vazgeçmesi halinde soruşturma aşamasında kovuşturmaya yer olmadığına dair karar verilir ve mağdur aynı olayla ilgili bir daha şikayet hakkını kullanamaz. Ceza davasının açıldığı aşama olan kovuşturma aşamasında şikayetten vazgeçme halinde mahkeme davanın düşmesi kararı verir.
Yukarıdaki durum dışındaki tüm cinsel istismarı suçları savcılık tarafından resen takip edilir. Bu suçlar şikayete tabi suçlar arasında yer almamaktadır.
Dava zamanaşımı, suçun işlendiği tarihten itibaren belli bir süre geçtiği halde dava açılmamış veya dava açılmasına rağmen kanuni süre içinde sonuçlandırılmamış ise ceza davasının düşmesi sonucunu doğuran bir ceza hukuku kurumudur. Çocukların cinsel istismar suçunun temel şeklinin dava zamanaşımı süresi 15 yıldır. Söz konusu cinsel suçlar, bu zamanaşımı süresi içerisinde her zaman soruşturulabilir ve fail hakkında kamu davası açılabilir.
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